Subsequently classified as the Kinesin-5 family ( Lawrence et al., 2004), this group of related kinesins localizes to spindle microtubules and structures present at spindle poles.
Currently, there are over 70 different Kinesin-5 proteins identified by sequence homology in 66 eukaryotes ( Figure 1). Many groups ( Hoyt et al., 1992 Sawin et al., 1992 Tihy et al., 1992 Heck et al., 1993 Blangy et al., 1995 Bishop et al., 2005 Bannigan et al., 2007 Chauviere et al., 2008) initially identified orthologs in Xenopus, S. The gene family has expanded from the early days of the molecular and bioinformatics era. cerevisiae revealed a redundant function of these Kinesin-5 family members for spindle assembly ( Hoyt et al., 1992 Roof et al., 1992). Similarly, simultaneous loss of function in Cin8p and Kip1p in S. Cloning and sequencing of these mutants ( Hagan and Yanagida, 1990 Kashina et al., 1997) revealed that the gene product encoded a 130 kDa protein with high similarity to the conventional kinesin (KHC/Kinesin-1) involved in motility in squid and mammalian brains. These mutants had malfunctions in spindle pole body separation and nuclear division and were unable to undergo mitosis. In the search for strains that were defective in cellular division at a restrictive temperature, screens of fungal libraries and fission yeast uncovered BimC ( Enos and Morris, 1990) and Cut7 ( Hagan and Yanagida, 1990), respectively, in the early 1990s. Genetic analysis provided the initial insight into the key mitotic role of this motor family. Of the >16 different kinesin isoforms ( Wickstead and Gull, 2006), Kinesin-5 (BimC/Eg5/N-2/Kif11) family members were the first identified to be essential in mitosis. This permits transport and movement along the cytoskeletal track. Like dynein and myosin, these proteins hydrolyze ATP and convert chemical energy into mechanical energy. Kinesins are the smallest and most abundant nanomotor in cells and the only canonical motor protein that is ubiquitous in all eukaryotes. We review what is known about how this nanomotor works, its place inside the cytoskeleton of cells, and its small-molecule inhibitors that provide a toolbox for understanding motor function and for anticancer treatment in the clinic.
These data have, in turn, informed the function of motile kinesins on the whole, as well as spearheaded integrative models of the mitotic apparatus in particular and regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in general. Based on a multi-faceted analysis of this motor from numerous laboratories over the years, we have learned a great deal about the function of this motor at the atomic level for catalysis and as an integrated element of the cytoskeleton. Comprised of a homotetramer complex, its function primarily is to slide anti-parallel microtubules apart from one another. Perhaps the simplest player in mitotic spindle assembly, Kinesin-5 (also known as Kif11, Eg5, or kinesin spindle protein, KSP) is a plus-end-directed motor localized to interpolar spindle microtubules and to the spindle poles. The mitotic kinesins, by virtue of their potential therapeutic role in cancerous cells, have been a major focus of research for the past 28 years since the discovery of the canonical Kinesin-1 heavy chain. Kind of useful, but not hugely.Kinesin motor proteins comprise an ATPase superfamily that goes hand in hand with microtubules in every eukaryote. The expressions are quite subtle, and are not cumulative, so this seems to be for when you just want to get V4/M4’s face away from the default without the bother of finding an expression preset. This doesn’t respond to Undo, so use with care. Random face.py Randomize Face works on V4 and M4.
#Philco poser tool box pro
I installed them in Poser 11 Pro SR6 to C: Program Files Smith Micro Poser 11 Runtime Python poserScripts ScriptsMenu and tested with M4 and Doctor Pitterbill. The scripts were made by Kazuhiro Eguchi in Japan in 2010, and last updated 2012, and as such the documentation on the store is sparse. I was curious about what the eyetarget.py and materialtoon.py scripts do. I took a risk and purchased the old, currently on a $7 clearance discount from Renderosity.
It merits mentioning that PhilC has another cool tool called “Scissors” that will let you make complicated cuts (like diagonals and circles) right within Poser using Python scripting. Help File for Wardrobe Wizard: and then select your base figure from the drop-down box (e.g. I would not claim to be the best programmer out there, but I do feel that. However by sticking with it I have been able to publish a number of scripts including The Poser Tool Box, Clothing Designer, Rotoscoper, Shoe Designer, Shoe Converter and in conjunction with Kamilche Consulting the very popular Wardrobe Wizard.
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